Видео уроки. Страноведение. Англоговорящие страны. Украина
Выбранный для просмотра документ An Episode from the History of the USA.docx
An Episode from the History of the USA
The most prominent episode from the history of the USA is the formation of the state itself.
The growing independence and economic strength of colonies
disturbed Great Britain.
The colonies were viewed as a source of raw materials and a market for
After the Seven Years’ War (1756—1763) the British Government increased its pressure on the colonies and put all possible obstacles in the way of their independent industrial development and trade.
It imposed new taxes and duties, which affected the interests of the
As a result in Philadelphia in 1774 merchants, ship-owners, lawyers and
others revolted and decided to stop trade with Britain and boycott the
A prologue to the War for Independence in the North America
was the “Boston tea-party” (1773), as it was called.
The British Government granted the East India Company the right
of tax-free export of tea to the colonies.
It caused indignation among the colonists, and especially the merchants
involved in the sale of tea.
In December 1773 a group of members of the organization called
the “Sons of Liberty” boarded the British ships in the port of Boston and
dumped the whole cargo of tea into the harbour.
Soon after that the port was closed, all kinds of public gatherings were
prohibited.All these measures further sharpened the conflict between Great Britain and the colonies.
The War for Independence of the American
colonies began with a battle of colonists against British troops
in April 1775 at Concord and at Lensington not far from Boston.
On July 4, 1776, the Continental Congress declared the united colonies to be independent of Great Britain.
The new state was called the United States of America and the 4th of July became its national holiday.
The Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence proclaiming the equality of all people.
Thomas Jefferson, a follower of the British Philosophers,
was the author of the Declaration.
The battle at Saratoga (1777), when the Americans forced a large British
army to capitulate, was a turning point in the long, hard War for
The Americans were supported by France.
In 1783 Britain finally and formally recognized American
George Washington was elected the first president of the new republic.
Later on his name was given to the capital which
was built in the federal District of Columbia.
1. What is the most prominent episode from the history of the USA?
2. What was a prologue to the War of Independence?
3. When did the War of Independence begin?
4. When did the Continental Congress declare the united colonies to be
independent of Great Britain?
Выбранный для просмотра документ Cherkasy Region.docx
The land of Cherkasy gave birth to Bohdan Khmelnytsky who was destined to become the leader of the nation which was surviving difficult times and who was the first to lay the foundation
of Ukrainians’ own state.
A great deal is being done on the territory of Cherkashchyna to restore
the historical past, to bring back to the people the names of our countrymen.
They are Ivan Padalka, a world-known artist, Todos Osmachka, a writer,
Vasyl Avramenko, a choreographer, and many others.
The monuments and memorial plaques have been put up to
commemorate their activities.
The place to which Ukrainians from all over the world make a pilgrimage is the Taras Shevchenko Memorial sites zvenigorodka area and the sacred Kaniv Mountain where the soul of the nation’s spiritual father rests in its eternal peace.
Among the seven historical and cultural reserves the world-famous
Sofievka Dendrological Park in Uman is a real pearl.
The reform of our economy is the main direction of the changes to be effected.
Those ones in the Cherkasy Region who work in the agrarian sector
are changing their attitude to the economic reforms.
In general, with regard to foreign investments into economy the Cherkasy Region occupies the fourth place among the other regions of Ukraine.
The most beneficial contracts were signed with the firms from the USA,
Germany, France, Poland and other countries.
1. Whose birth did the land of Cherkasy give to Ukraine?
2. Who was Bohdan Khmelnytsky?
3. What is being done on the territory of Cherkasy?
4. What Ukrainian countrymen became world-known?
5. What does the reform of our economy mean?
Выбранный для просмотра документ Cherkasy.docx
The city is situated on the right bank of the Kremenchuk Reservoir, on the Dnieper.
The total area of the city is 75 km2. Its population is 297 200.
The city consists of two regions. Cherkasy was first mentioned in
documents in the 13th century as a fortified city in the Kiev principality
of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
Later it became a county centre of Kyiv gubernia.
The historical monuments are the building of the former zemstvo council
(1907—1912), the building of the “Slavianskaya” Hotel (the beginning of
the 20th century), the building of the former commercial bank (1904).
Today Cherkasy is an important economic and cultural-educational centre.
The main branches of industry are the chemical industry, the machine building industry, the food industry and light industry.
The famous plants are “Photopribor”, “Impulse”,
the scientific-industrial association “Rotor”, meat processing
and packing factory, a silk complex, and many others.
Cherkasy is a very green city.
Plants occupy 2470 hectars of its territory, among them there are
The places of interest are the Museum of Nature, the zoo, and a regional
Theatre-goers and music-lovers have an opportunity to visit the Drama Theatre named after T. Shevchenko, the puppet theatre and the philharmonic society.
Cherkasy is the home of a Pedagogical
University, the branch of the Kyiv Civil Engineering
University, 8 technical secondary schools and 19 branches of
scientific- research and planning institutions.
There is the river port, the airport, the railway station and the bus station in the city.
1. Where is the city situated and what is its area?
2. When was it first mentioned?
3. What are the historical monuments?
4. Why is it an important economic centre?
5. Is it a green city? Why?
Выбранный для просмотра документ Chernihiv Region.docx
Geopolitical situation of the Chernihiv
Region is of a rather peculiar character.
Russian Bryansk Region and Belarus Gomel Region are Chernihiv’s old time neighbours.
The Friendship monument situated on State borders of Ukraine, Russia
and Belarus is the Chernihiv Region visiting-card.
The Chernihiv Region is a “potato land”, it is the land of flax growing
and processing, the land of cattle breeding.
It is also the land of “big chemistry”, gas and oil, it is Ukraine’s textile shop.
Though difficult economic situation of recent years made them change
their economic directions in some cases, and step backward in others,
they managed to hold up economic recession in all spheres and to
improve social situation.
The regional centre is divided into 2 districts:
Desnyansky and Novozavodsky.
There are 1200 rivers in the region. The main waterway is the Desna river.
It is the only region in Ukraine that produce fire trucks, cord fabrics, pianos and several kinds of equipment for agrarian and industrial complexes.
The priority industrial branches are the food industry, the light industry, the fuel industry, the machine building industry and the metalworking industry.
Agriculture is an important part of the region’s national economy.
1. How is the regional centre divided?
2. What is the main river in Chernihiv?
3. What does Chernihiv produce?
4. What are the priority industrial branches in Chernihiv?
Выбранный для просмотра документ Chernihiv.docx
Chernihiv is situated on the high right bank of the Desna River.
Its total area is 64 km2, and its population is 301 100.
The city is divided into two districts.
Chernihiv is one of the most ancient cities of Ukraine.
It was founded in the 7th century.
It was named by the prince Chorny.
The first mention of Chernihiv in the chronicles occurred in 907.
The city was incorporated into Kievan Rus in the 9th century and became one of the most important and wealthiest cities of the realm.
In the 14th century it was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of
In 1503 it came under Moskovy’s rule.
During this period the city was very enlarged.
Then it was transferred to Poland and in 1654 it became a part of Russia.
The old centre of the city is called “Ditynets”.
There are some historical monuments such as the Cathedral of the Transfiguration (11th century), the Borys and Hlib Cathedral
(1120—1123), the Catherine Church (sanctified in 1715).
There is also a famous Yeletsky Monastery there.
The main branches of industry are food-processing, light industry and
woodworking, the building materials industry.
The major industrial enterprises include the industrial association
“ Pozhmachina”, “Chernihivmebel”, “Tiutiun”, machine-building plants,
and a woodworking plant.
The museums of the city are worth visiting.
There is a historical museum, the M. Kotsiubynsky Literary-Memorial
Museum, and an art museum.
There is also the Music and Drama Theatre,
a young spectator’s theatre, and the philharmonic society in the city.
Chernigiv is the city of education and science.
The school-leavers can enter the pedagogical and technological universities and 8 technical secondary schools.
There are a lot of scientific-research and planning institutions.
1. When was Chernihiv founded?
2. Who was it named by?
3. How is the city centre called?
4. What are the major industrial enterprises?
5. What are the museums and historical monuments in the city?
Выбранный для просмотра документ Chernivtsi R egion.docx
The Chernivtsi Region is one of the youngest in Ukraine.
It was formed on the 7th of August, 1940 as a result of integration of the
northern part of Bukovyna and the Khotyn district of Bessarabia into
The region is divided into 11 administrative districts.
The ethnic structure of the Chernivtsi Region is quite varied — Ukrainians, Romanians, Moldavians, Russians, Jews, Poles, Belorussians.
The climate is moderate continental.
The region has deposits of mineral resources such as: gas, oil.
Near the Dniester and in the basin of the Prut, there are large deposits of gypsum and limestone.
The lands of the Chernivtsi Region contain mineral waters.
The Chernivtsi Region is unique in production of certain types of
equipment for thermal power plants, oil-refineries, knitwear factories, and
The main kinds of farming products of the region are grain cultures, sugar beets, potatoes, vegetables, fruit, flax, milk, eggs, pork, beef.
There is a significant scientific potential concentrated in the Chernivtsi
Chernivtsi State University, Chernivtsi Medical Institute and Chernivtsi
branch of Kyiv Trade and Economy Institute offer higher education to
There is also the institute of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine,
Chernivtsi branches of the institute of world economy and international
relations, the institute of material studies and a number of other
1. What is the Chernivtsi Region like?
2. When was it formed?
3. What districts is the region divided into?
4. What can you say about the ethnic structure of the Chernivtsi Region?
5. What are the main kinds of farming products?
Выбранный для просмотра документ Chernivtsi.docx
Chernivtsi is situated in the Western Ukraine on both banks of the Prut
Its total area is 153 km2 and it is divided into 3 districts.
The city was founded in the second part of the 12th century.
The first mention of Chernivtsi in the chronicles occurred in 1207.
In the middle of the 14th century it belonged to Moldavia and stood on its
border with Poland.
In 1744 it became a part of Austria, and since 1917 — a part of Romania.
In 1940 the Southern Bukovyna joined the Ukrainian Republic.
The Prut divides the city into two parts.
Chernivtsi is a green city with the Botanical Gardens, the arboretum,
8 parks and many public gardens.
The architectural monuments are the building of the Chernivtsi
University, the former residence of the Bukovynian metropolitan,
the city hall, St Nicholas’s Church (1607) and the building of the theatre.
Chernivtsi is the city of theatres, museums and libraries.
It is famous for the Chernivtsi University, the Medical University,
the Institute of Trade and Economy, 12 technical secondary
schools and many scientific-research institutions.
The Kobylanska Music and Drama Theatre, the puppet theatre and the
philharmonic society are very popular among the people.
In Chernivtsi the writer Yu. Fedkovych, the composer V. Ivasiuk, the singer M. Yaremchuk were born.
The museums are worth visiting. They are the Yu. Fedkovych Memorial
Museum, the O. Kobylanska Memorial Museum, an art museum, and
a regional- history museum.
The major branches of industry in Chernivtsi include light industry, the food processing, the machine-building and metal-working industries.
The well-known enterprises include the Fedkovich fine goods factory,
the “Bukovyna” souvenir factory, the furniture factory and many others.
1. When did the first mention of Chernivtsi occur in the chronicles?
2. What divides the city into two parts?
3. Why is it a green city?
4. What are the architectural monuments
Выбранный для просмотра документ Cities of the Sea.docx
Cities of the Sea
The sea means much to the industrial Northeast.
The coast northward from Long Island borders on one of the world’s “fish
bowls”, and the area rich in the tiny plants and animals that support a fish life. Along this coast there are many little fishing towns and several busy fishing ports.
The sea also means white sand beaches to which millions of city people go for summer holidays.
The largest seaports of the region are Boston, New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore.
These four cities are not only important ports but also leading industrial centers. On the map Philadelphia appears to lie inland, but it is on the wide, deep tidewater of the Delaware River mouth and is a good harbour for the large ocean-going vessels.
Yearly, about 6 000 vessels move into Baltimore’s natural harbour.
Timber, ores, crude oil, and raw materials from all over the world are
unloaded to American industry in exchange for grain and machinery.
World trade helps to make Baltimore America’s sixth largest port.
1. What does the sea mean to the industrial Northeast?
2. Which cities are the most important seaports of the area?
3. What is a “fish bowl”?
Выбранный для просмотра документ Climate of Great Britain.docx
Climate of Great Britain
Great Britain is situated on the islands.
It is washed by seas from all the sides.
That’s why the climate and the nature of Great Britain are very specific.
It is not very cold in winter and never very hot in summer.
There is no ice on the lakes and rivers in winter.
It rains very often in all the seasons.
The weather changes very often.
Mark Twain said about America: “If you don’t like the weather in New
England, just wait a few minutes”, but it is more likely to have been said
Besides, Britain is famous for its fogs. Sometimes fogs are so thick that it is impossible to see anything within 2 or 3 metres.
The nature of the British Isles is picturesque.
There are many rivers and very beautiful lakes, but there are no great
forests on the British Isles.
The mountains there are not very high, but very beautiful.
The most picturesque part of the country is Highlands in the North of
This is a region of mountains and rivers, small towns and villages.
In Wales there are also many beautiful mountains and valleys.
The highest mountain in Wales is Snowdon.
Everyone who comes to England says that it looks like one great beautiful park.
The Englishmen love their country and take care of it.
1. Why are the climate and the nature of Great Britain very specific?
2. Does it often rain?
3. What did Mark Twain say about the weather of America?
4. What can you say about the British fogs?
5. What are the most picturesque places on the British Isles?
Выбранный для просмотра документ Discovery.docx
“ In 1492 Columbus sailed Ocean Blue”.
This little rhyme many American children learn to remember the
date when Christopher Columbus “discovered” America.
Was Christopher Columbus really the first person to discover the continent and return home to tell about it?
Probably not, but he was the first to return to Europe and tell all about what he believed to be a new route to Asia.
Most people in Columbus’ days thought that the earth was flat, and
they did not believe that a route to the India across the Atlantic would be
shorter and safer than a route around Africa.
He did not have the money to buy ships and hire sailors.
At first Columbus asked the king of Portugal
to pay for his voyage.
The king asked his advisers, and after their report he denied to help
Then Columbus travelled to Spain to ask Queen Isabella and King
Ferdinand for help.
Six years later Isabella gave Columbus three caravels: the Santa
Maria, the Nina, and the Pinta. Columbus’s crew last saw land on the
eastern horizon on the 9th of September, 1492.
On the 12th of October, 1492, when everybody was very tired and
anxious, the lookout on the Pinta saw something like a white cliff shining in the moonlight.
Columbus named the land he had reached San Salvador.
He thought they landed in Asia.
On the 15th of March, 1493, Columbus was back to Spain with two
He brought parrots, an alligator, a few pieces of gold jewelry, some
unusual plants, and six American Indians.
1. Who financed Christopher Columbus’s expedition?
2. For how long did Columbus travel?
3. What continent did Columbus think he had reached?
4. How many ships did Columbus return with?
Выбранный для просмотра документ Dnipropetrovsk Region.docx
The Dnipropetrovsk Region is an administrative region in southeastern
Ukraine lying in the middle and lower basin of the Dnieper River.
Its area is 31 900 km2, and its population is 3 745 000.
It is divided into 22 regions and 20 cities.
The region’s capital is Dnipropetrovsk.
Its western section is a part of the Dnieper Upland, in the south — the
Black Sea Lowland.
The main river is the Dnieper with its tributaries.
They are the Mokra, the Inhulets, the Orel and the Samara.
The small rivers become very shallow in the summer.
The Dnipropetrovsk Region is rich in mineral resources.
It contains large deposits of iron ore, manganese ore, nickel, anthracite
coal, natural gas and gold, lignite, and building materials.
The climate is temperate-continental, with rather cold winters, and hot
Ukrainians constitute 73 per cent of the population.
The Dnipropetrovsk Region is one of the leading industrial areas of
Ferrous metallurgy is the most important branch of industry.
It is followed by machine-building, light industry, and food industry.
Machine-building and metal-working industries produce metallurgical and mining equipment, metal products, manufacturing equipment, electric and transport equipment, agricultural machinery.
The Dnipropetrovsk Region is a region of intensive grain growing, animal husbandry, and dairying.
The main crops are sunflowers, grains, winter wheat and vegetables.
The region has a dense network of railways.
1. Where is the Dnipropetrovsk Region situated?
2. What can you say about its geographical position?
3. What rivers are there?
4. What products are produced there?
5. What does the region’s agriculture specialize in?
Выбранный для просмотра документ Dnipropetrovsk.docx
Dnipropetrovsk is situated on the river Dnieper.
It is a large railway junction.
The city is one of the main industrial, cultural and scientific centres of
Such branches of industry as metallurgical, chemical, light and food industries are well-developed in Dnipropetrovsk.
The city is a centre of space rocket production in Ukraine.
Nine higher educational establishments, including the University, work in the city.
As Dnipropetrovsk is a large cultural centre of Ukraine, it has 5 theatres,
3 museums, including the Museum of Fine Arts and the Historical Museum, the Philarmonic Society and observatory.
The city was founded in 1776. Since the 18th century the Palace of
Potyemkin, now the Students’ Palace, has been preserved.
Another famous building is the Preobrazhensky cathedral, built in the
The city is situated on both banks of the Dnieper.
Different parts of the city are connected with each other by three
The underground line, which has been recently opened, also runs under the river.
1. Where is Dnipropetrovsk situated?
2. What are the main branches of industry in Dnipropetrovsk?
3. How many theatres and museums are there in the city?
4. When was it founded?
5. What are the famous buildings in Dnipropetrovsk?
Выбранный для просмотра документ From the History.docx
From the History
of Great Britain I want to describe an episode from the history of Great Britain.
It concerns the Roman conquest of Britain. In 55 B. C. a Roman army of
10 000 men crossed the Channel and invaded Britain.
The Celts who inhabited Britain saw their ships approaching and rushed to attack the invaders in the sea as they were landing.
The Celts made a great impression on the Romans, who saw them for the first time in the battle.
On the occasion of the battle hair and moustaches were painted red and
their legs and arms were painted blue.
With loud shouts they attacked the Romans in chariots and on foot.
The well-armed invincible Romans under one of the greatest generals of
that time had to return to France.
In the next year, 54 B. C., Caesar came to Britain again, this time with
larger forces( 25 000 men).
The Celts fought bravely for their independence but they were not strong
enough to drive the Romans off.
The Romans who had better arms and armour and were much better trained defeated the Celts in several battles.
This is how the Roman invasion of Britain started.
This invasion lasted till the year of 407 A. D.
As a result of the conquest signs of Roman civilization spread over Britain.
There had been no towns in Britain before the Romans conquered it.
As soon as they had conquered Britain they began to build towns,
splendid villas, public baths as in Rome itself.
York, Gloucester, Lincoln and London became the chief Roman towns.
The Romans were great road makers and now a network of roads
connected all parts of the country.
The forests were cleared, swamps were drained, and corn-fields took
Today there are many things in Britain to remind the people of the Romans.
The wells which the Romans dug give water today, and the chief Roman
roads are still among the highways of modern England.
Many of such remains as glass, statues,coins
may be seen in the British Museum.
1. When did the Romans come to Britain?
2. What was the result of their first battle?
3. When did they come for the second time?
4. How did the Roman way of life influence the life of the Celts?
5. Are there any things in Britain to remind the people of the Romans?
Выбранный для просмотра документ Geographical Position of.docx
Geographical Position of the USA
The USA occupies the central part of the North American continent.
It borders on Canada in the north and Mexico in the south.
It is washed by the Atlantic Ocean in the east, by the Pacific Ocean in the west and by the Gulf of Mexico in the south.
The present territory of the USA consists of three separate parts.
The USA proper and Alaska are situated in North America.
The Hawaii are situated in the central part of the Pacific Ocean.
The area of the country is about 9,400,000 km2.
Its population is about 256 million people.
No general statement can be made about the landscape of the USA.
It is a country of mountains and prairies, valleys and deserts.
About one half of the territory in the west is occupied by the Cordilleras.
In the east there are the Appalachian Mountains.
Between these great mountain chains central and large valleys lie.
The Rocky Mountains extend from Alaska through Canada and the USA to Mexico.
Together with the Sierra Nevada Mountains in California they have
snow-capped peaks and clear mountain lakes.
The Great Lakes are situated in the north-east of the country.
They are Lake Ontario, Lake Huron, Lake Erie, Lake Superior, Lake Michigan.
The largest rivers of the USA are the Mississippi, the Missouri, the Columbia, the Colorado, and the Yukon.
American rivers have very expressive names: the Snake River, the
Milk River, the Green River, the Sweetwater River, the White River.
The USA has rich deposits of coal, oil, iron, zinc, copper, silver, phosphate rock, natural gas, uranium and nonferrous metals.
The country has one fourth of the world’s coal deposits.
1. What is the territory of the USA?
2. Where is the country situated?
3. What is the population of the USA?
4. What are the Great Lakes? Where are they situated?
5. What is the longest river in the USA?
Выбранный для просмотра документ Great Britain.docx
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on
the British Isles.
They lie to the north-west of Europe. The British Isles are separated from
the continent by the narrow strait of water which is called the English
The United Kingdom consists of four parts: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
England, the central part, occupies the most of the island of Great Britain.
To the north lies Scotland and to the west the third part of the country,
Wales, is situated.
The fourth part is called Northern Ireland and is located on the second
Each part has its capital.
The capital of England is London, Wales has Cardiff, Scotland has
Edinburgh and the main city of Northern Ireland is Belfast.
Great Britain is a country of forests and plains.
There are no high mountains in this country.
Scotland is the most mountainous region with the highest peak, Ben Nevis.
The rivers of Great Britain are not long.
The longest rivers are the Thames and the Severn.
The capital of the United Kingdom, London, stands on the bank of the
As the country is surrounded by many seas there are some great ports at the seaside:
London, Glasgow, Plymouth and others.
Wales is a country of lakes. It has the most famous lake in the
world — Loch-Ness. Seas and oceans influence
the British climate which is not too cold in winter but never hot in
Great Britain is a beautiful country with old traditions and good people.
1. Where is Great Britain situated?
2. What is the relief of Great Britain?
3. What are the parts of Great Britain? What are their capitals?
4. What influences the climate of the British Isles?
5. What region in Great Britain has the highest peak? Name it.
Выбранный для просмотра документ History of London.docx
History of London
London is an old city. It grew up around the first point where the Roman invaders found the Thames narrow enough to build a bridge.
There has been a “London Bridge” in the same area ever since.
They founded a Celtic settlement then known as Londinium and later they had turned it into a large port and important trading centre with a long wall of stone and brick.
Inside the wall low houses were built with bright red tiled roofs.
The Tower of London was founded by JuliusCaesar and in 1066 rebuilt by William the Conqueror.
It was used as a fortress, a royal residence and a prison.
Now it is a museum and also the place where the Crown Jewels are kept. Time passed.
London grew and became a great city. The coming of the railway changed London for ever.
The first underground railway was opened in 1863 between «> and the City.
Today London is the capital of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
It is one of the most beautiful cities in the world.
There are many places of interest in it and this city is well worth visiting.
1. Is London a young city?
2. What river does it stand on?
3. Who founded the Tower of London?
4. What is the Tower now?
5. When was the first underground opened?
Выбранный для просмотра документ Ivano-Frankivsk Region.docx
The Ivano-Frankivsk Region is located in the south-west of Ukraine at the juncture of the East-European Plain and the Ukrainian Carpathians.
Its territory is 13 900 km2.
Population — 1.5 million people. The Ivano-Frankivsk Region is the
18th region of Ukraine as for the population and the 22nd as for the
It comprises 14 administrative districts and 5 cities and towns of the
The region is rich in natural resources. There are the deposits of oil
and gas, peat, phosphates and magnesium salts, large deposits
of clay, gypsum, limestones and gravel.
Forests of the region occupy a large territory with a lot of valuable
industrial species of timber.
The agricultural lands are valuable too.
As for local water resources, the Ivano-Frankivsk Region ranks the
second among the regions of Ukraine.
The largest rivers of the region are the Dniester, the Cheremosh, and the
The economy of the region is of industrial-agricultural character.
The industrial potential of the region is mainly concentrated in Ivano-
1. Where is the Ivano-Frankivsk Region located?
2. What is its territory?
3. Is Ivano-Frankivsk the 18th region of Ukraine as for the population?
4. How many administrative districts are there in the Ivano-Frankivsk
5. What can you say about natural resources in this region?
Выбранный для просмотра документ Kyiv R egion.docx
The Kyiv Region is an administrative region in northern Ukraine on both
banks of the Dnieper River, formed on the 27th of February 1932.
In the north it borders on Belarus.
Its total area is 28 100 km2.
The region is divided into 25 districts and 24 cities.
The region centre and national capital is Kyiv.
The region is located on the rolling plain of the middle Dnieper Basin.
Its northern part is located in the Polisia Lowland.
Its central and southwestern parts lie in the Dnieper Upland.
The main river is the Dnieper and its tributaries
are the Prypiat, Irpin, Desna and others.
The vegetation of the region’s central and southern parts is of the forest steppe variety.
Forests cover 516 000 hectars of the area.
The region lacks mineral resources, but it has deposits of the building
materials, kaolin, brown coal, and in the southwestern part there are
deposits of gold, peat, diamonds.
The climate is temperate-continental and it is rather mild.
Ukrainians constitute 92.1 per cent of the population.
The Kyiv Region is an industrial and agricultural region.
It produces electrotechnical equipment.
Agricultural machines, excavators, refrigerators and different appliances
are also produced there.
Agriculture mostly specializes in animal husbandry and plant growing.
Unfortunately it is not possible to use many soils of the region after the Chernobyl disaster.
Many famous Ukrainians were born there.
They are the hetman I. Mazepa, the author
of the Ukrainian anthem P. Chubynsky, the cosmonaut P. Popovych
and the painter K. Bilokur.
1. Where is the Kiev Region situated?
2. What is its total area and population?
3. What resources deposits does it have?
4. What do the Kyiv Region’s enterprises produce?
5. What famous people were born there?
Выбранный для просмотра документ London — the Capital.docx
London — the Capital of the UK
London is the capital of Great Britain, its political, economic and cultural
It is one of the largest cities in the world.
Its population is more than 11 000 000 people.
London is situated on the river Thames.
The city is very old and beautiful.
It was founded more than two thousand years ago.
Traditionally London is divided into several parts: the City, the
Westminster, the West End and the East End.
The City is the oldest part of London, its financial and business centre.
Westminster is the aristocratic official part of London.
It includes Buckingham Palace, where the Queen lives, and the Houses of Parliament.
The West End is the part where rich people live.
It is the most beautiful part of London.
The best hotels, restaurants, shops, clubs, parks and houses are situated there.
The East End is an industrial district of London.
There are many factories and the Port of London there.
London has many places of interest.
One of them is the Houses of Parliament, the seat of the British
There one can see the famous Tower Clock Big Ben, the symbol of London.
Big Ben is the real bell which strikes every quarter f an hour.
Another place of interest is Buckingham Palace.
It’s the residence of the Queen.
There are many other places of interest in London: Trafalgar Square,
Regent’s Park, Westminster Abbey and, of course, the British Museum.
It’s impossible to describe all places of interest.
The best way to know London is to visit it.
1. What is the population of London?
2. Where is London situated?
3. When was the city founded?
4. What is Big Ben?
5. Do you know any places of interest in London?
Выбранный для просмотра документ National E mblems in Great.docx
National Emblems in Great Britain
The red rose was the emblem of Lancastrians, the white rose that of
the Yorkists, the two Houses fighting for the English throne in the War of
But their struggle ended by marriage of Henry VII, the Lancastrian with
Princess Elizabeth, the Yorkist.
The red rose has since become the emblem of England.
The thistle is the national emblem of Scotland.
It happened in very old times when Norsemen wanted to settle in this
They came close to the Scots’ camps in the night and wanted to kill them in their sleep.
That’s why they took off their shoes so as to make no noise.
But one of the Norsemen stepped on a thistle and screamed.
The Scots woke up and put the enemy to flight.
The leek is the emblem of Wales.
Welshmen all over the world celebrate their national holiday St David’s Day by wearing leeks.
They do it because they believe St David have lived for several years
on bread and wild leeks.
Irishmen wear their national emblem on St Patrick’s Day.
It’s a small white clover with three leaves on the stem.
It is called a shamrock.
1. What are the emblems of parts of Great Britain?
2. How many of them are there?
3. Why was the thistle chosen as a national emblem?
4. Why do Welshmen wear leeks on St David’s Day?
5. What is a national holiday of Irishmen?
Выбранный для просмотра документ Outstanding E vents in the.docx
Outstanding Events in the Life of Great Britain
There were many outstanding events in the history of Great Britain.
England was added to the Roman Empire in 43 A. D.
Roman invasion played a very important role in the history of the
The Romans built the first roads in the country, dug the first wells.
The Romans, who were great architects, constructed the first towns
After the withdrawal of Roman legions in 410, different tribes tried to control the territory of Britain.
But the Normans influenced the British civilization most of all.
They came in 1066 under the leadership of William the Conqueror.
As the invaders spoke French, their speech influenced the English language.
That is why English comprises a lot of French words and word combinations.
In the 18th century technological and commercial innovation led to the
The thirteen North American Colonies were lost, but replaced by colonies in Canada and India.
Once more the British had to face the French in 1805 at the battle of Trafalgar.
Then Admiral Nelson won a great victory over the French fleet.
In order to commemorate this event the main square in London is named after this battle.
And the monument to Admiral Nelson was erected on this square.
Many historical events and personalities led the country to the position of the powerful and highly-developed state.
1. What traces of the Romans are there in Britain?
2. When did William the Conqueror come to Britain?
3. Why was he named the Conqueror?
4. What led to the Industrial Revolution?
5. Who was Nelson? Why is he so famous in Britain?
Выбранный для просмотра документ Political System of the USA.docx
Political System of the USA
The United States of America is a federative republic.
Since 1959 the Federation comprises 50 states.
The president is the head of the state and executive body.
He is also the commander-in-chief of the army and Navy of the USA.
The president and vice-president are elected for a term of four years.
All the legislative power is vested in Congress, which consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives.
There are 100 senators and 435 members in the House of Representatives.
Two Senators from each state are elected by popular vote for a term of
six years, the Representatives are elected for two-year term.
Both houses must approve the bill for it to become a law.
An essential role in the US political system
is played by the Supreme Court, which may declare a law,
passed by Congress, to be contradictory to the Constitution
The various states have legislative and executive bodies of
Their structure, function and competence are determined by the
Constitution of each state.
There is an elected governor at the head of each state.
States enjoy independence in their domestic affairs, including financial
However, state laws and actions of state authorities must not conflict with the Constitution of the USA.
1. Who is the head of the state?
2. How are the senators elected?
3. Who stands at the head of each state?
4. How many senators are there in the House of Representatives?
5. How many states are there in thу USA?
Выбранный для просмотра документ Shopping in London.docx
Shopping in London
Harrods is probably the world’s most famous shop.
For Londoners, there is a love-hate relationship: most say they hate it but then assure you it is the best place for silk socks, toys, flowers, tea or whatever.
Its 230 departments on five floors spread over twenty acres where
4 000 staff serve 50 000 customers.
There are six restaurants, five bars, a library, bank, pet shop, dry
cleaners, everything from Indian cigarettes to domestic equipment to buy, a ticket agency and departments for christening, weddings and funerals.
Not content with selling everyone else’s goods, Harrods own-make
goods fill an in-house shop and Harrods green buses London
Henry Charles Harrod, a tea merchant, founded the institution with
a small grocery shop and was pleased if his weekly takings were twenty pounds.
But some years later his son had taken 1000 pounds a week and then lost everything in the fire.
Then he wrote to his customers: “I greatly regret to inform you, that in consequence of the above premises being burnt down, your order will be delayed in the execution for a day or two”.
Such service drew more buyers.
In 1901 the store was designed with mosaic friezes and tiles in the Food Halls.
At all times there are so many people in the store that it is easy to lose the way. Information desks inside most entrances will help you to find your way in the stores as well as “The Store Guide”.
1. What is the most famous shop in London?
2. What can you buy there?
3. How many departments are there?
4. What does the shop contain?
5. Who founded the shop?
6. What can help you to find your way in Harrods?
Выбранный для просмотра документ The Civil War.docx
The purpose of the Civil War was to restore the Union of the Individual
states and to preserve the Constitution.
However, Congress was determined to make emancipation (freeing of the slaves) the primary issue of the war.
Just before the outbreak of the Civil War, two issues faced the nation.
The first was the freeing of the slaves, which the Southerners believed was a loss of property.
The second issue was the right of secession (the withdrawal of a state
The Constitution was an agreement between the states, so therefore each state had the right to leave the Union when they pleased.
These issues divided the nation.
In February of 1861, the Confederation states of America was formed.
It consisted of South Caroline, North Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Arcansas and Texas.
On the 1st of January, 1863, President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, declaring the freedom of slaves.
However, the actual end of slavery did not come until 1865.
The Civil War came to an end on the 1st of April, 1865.
With the end of the war came the concept that the United States is not
a group of states but rather one nation.
With the emancipation of the slaves, new issues, such as civil rights, appeared.
1. What were the two main reasons for the Civil War?
2. Do you believe the Southern states had the right to secede from
3. Why do you think it was so important to the North to preserve the nation?
Выбранный для просмотра документ The Colonies.docx
European people came to the New World for many reasons.
Some, like Columbus, came looking for new trade routes, others were
seeking fortune, many of them were missionaries who wanted to convert
the Native Americans.
The most well-known first settlers were the Pilgrims.
The Pilgrims came seeking religious freedom.
They founded the Plymouth colony in Massachusetts in 1620.
The Pilgrims originated from England. The trip across the ocean was terribly unpleasant.
They had little food and fresh water.
They arrived at the Mayflower in the winter of 1620, in the north east of America.
The Pilgrims learned from the Native Americans how to live in this New World.
The Native Americans had a ceremony thanking nature for the
food they received from the harvest.
Today Americans continue to celebrate Thanksgiving with their
family and friends.
There were also other religious groups, such as the Quarkers, who
founded the colony Pennsylvania.
Other group is the Shakers, known for their beautiful wood work, and
the Irish Catholics who settled in the colony of Maryland.
1. Who were the first settlers?
2. Where did the Pilgrims come from?
3. What did they seek in the New World?
4. What colony was founded by the Pilgrims?
5. What were other religious groups who came to the New World?
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