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Самые выдающиеся и живописные объекты Всемирного наследия ЮНЕСКО

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UNESCO is a specialized agency of the United Nations that promotes peace, sustainable development and intercultural dialogue through education and culture. Among other things, UNESCO is responsible for the list of World Heritage Sites; these are places scattered all over the world of outstanding cultural or natural significance to humanity. In a word, the places that together form our world heritage.

Currently, 203 natural sites are included in the World Heritage List , and each is a combination of exceptional natural beauty, biological and geological diversity, and also demonstrates the main stages in the development of the history of planet Earth — and is a kind of document that testifies to its life. We have selected 15 of the most beautiful natural UNESCO World Heritage Sites — ranging from tropical jungles and deserts to caves and volcanoes.

Lake Baikal, Russia

Lake Baikal , which has no equal in the whole world, is located on the far outskirts of Siberia, and it is the oldest, deepest and largest freshwater lake in the world.

The lake, shaped like a banana, is filled with crystal-clear transparent water, which is home to the world’s only freshwater seals — seals. There is a certain mystery in this — how they managed to get to Baikal: the theory most similar to the truth says that the Baikal seals evolved from ringed seals and then spent half a million years in these places in isolation.

In winter and summer, you can get to know the lake and its surroundings in two very different guises. In the summer season, serious tourist activities unfold here: trekking, hiking, camping, fishing. But in winter, the lake freezes completely, and a thick layer of transparent ice forms above the water.

Belovezhskaya Pushcha, Poland / Belarus

fThe virgin forest Belovezhskaya Pushcha , spread over the territory of Belarus and Poland; it is one of the last surviving primeval forests. In most of these forests, for centuries, no man has set foot — and now there is a diverse flora and fauna, interspersed with mature and recent forest plantations. The age-old oaks increase in girth every year, and some trees here even have their own names: for example, the Great Mamamushi, which goes up 34 meters, or the dying King Neznanovo. In Belovezhskaya Pushcha, which is 8000 years old, you can hear wolf howling, owl whistling, elk cry and deer roar, and about 900 European bison live here — about 25% of the world population. If you want to get a taste of what the taste of the forest is like, try the famous Zubrówka vodka, which contains bison grass shoots,

Karst caves Aggleteka and Slovak Karst, Hungary / Slovakia

Baradle Cave in Aggtelek National Park in Hungury. Stalactite and stalagmite inside a cave

The Aggletek and Slovak Karst caves , which stretch along the borders of Hungary and Slovakia, form the largest cave system in Central Europe. These underground palaces are an amazing natural phenomenon, due to the variety of natural objects and the environment itself; both arose thanks to geological processes that have been in full swing for tens of millions of years.

One of the most significant cave complexes is Baradla-Domitsa , which stretches for 25 kilometers across the territory of both countries. Among other natural wonders, this underground world has palaces renowned for their incomparable acoustics, where visitors are sometimes invited to enjoy the sounds of classical music.

Of particular note is the Dobshin Ice Cave , which is filled with amazing ice formations such as icefalls, ice stalagmites and glaciers.

Danube Delta, Romania

Before flowing into the Black Sea, the Danube, the second longest river in Europe, flows through 10 countries. In the area of ​​the mouth, a delta was formed, consisting of swamps, reed wastelands and endless channels, strewn with water lilies, among the banks overgrown with willows and poplars.

The Danube Delta is one of the most diverse and unspoiled deltas in the world — a paradise for nature lovers and bird watchers. More than 300 species of birds consider this place their homeland — including the emperors of this flying tribe — the white pelicans.

Take a boat trip along the quiet channels and try to see as many birds as you can. Combine your trip with a visit to sparsely populated villages that retain their traditional ways: brightly painted houses, thatched-roof cattle pens and unpretentious boat sheds.

Dorset and East Devonshire Coast, UK

If you want to see firsthand what the scenery of Jane Austen’s novels looks like, head to Dorset and the East Devonshire Coast, also known as Jurassic .

The endless coastline is made up of distinctive rock formations such as red mudstone cliffs, beaches replete with fossilized dinosaur footprints, tranquil harbors, grassy pastures and romantic villages.

One of the most recognizable natural attractions there is the Durdle Door limestone arch. Usually limestone layers lie horizontally, but Durdle Door rises from the sea waves almost vertically: this is really a real geological miracle.

Looking for a unique souvenir? Head to Charmouth Beach on a fossil hunt — and bring home your own personal piece of natural history.

Revilla-Jihedo Archipelago, Mexico

The Revilla-Jihedo Archipelago, a group of four islands in the Pacific Ocean, was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2016.

Until Spanish sailors discovered these four islands west of Mexico, there was no trace of human activity. These islands, which are sometimes also called the “little Galapagos” of Mexico, are famous for their unique ecosystem, which attracts scientists and researchers from all over the world.

Although there is no tourist infrastructure there, curious travelers can get to these places as part of organized excursions — to discover the diversity of flora, fauna and topography of the archipelago. The waters around the islands are popular with divers who take the opportunity to come into direct contact with giant sea devils, sharks and dolphins.

Wet tropics of Queensland, Australia

Although Queensland’s humid tropics account for only 1% of Australia’s land area, its rugged terrain, deep gorges, turbulent rivers and thundering waterfalls are some of the most stunning rainforests in the world.

The jungle stretches along the northeast coast of Australia, and rare species of plants and animals are abundant there; these forests are a gigantic repository of evidence, describing the evolution of plant life on Earth with documentary accuracy and completeness. Wander the humid tropics and find 90 different species of orchids, listen to the voices of birds not found anywhere else in the world, such as the red and green Australian Royal Parrot, and splash in one of the many natural waters.

Giant Panda Reserves, Sichuan, China

Travel to Sichuan Province in southwestern China. There, among endless parks and snow-capped mountain peaks, you’ll find one of China’s most famous — and adored — inhabitants: the teddy panda bear. Until recently, the WWF considered this species endangered, but thanks to the active work of the reserve, the status has now been changed to “vulnerable species”. This is great news, but we shouldn’t forget that there are many species of animals that are also endangered due to habitat loss and poaching.

Pandas are rarely seen in their natural habitat, but in Wolon Nature Reserve — one of the most important breeding centers in the country — you can meet 150 individuals. You have the chance to see pandas at all stages of their life cycle: in infancy, when they look like mice, in adolescence — cub cubs, and right up to adult pandas who devote most of their lives to serene sleep and chewing bamboo shoots.

Lut Desert, Iran

Landscape in the Lut desert, with rock formations known as Kalutes, in Iran

New to the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the Lut Desert in southeastern Iran is one of the hottest and driest places in the world. It was there that the indicator of 70 ° C was recorded — the highest temperature ever recorded on the planet. Deserts are also characterized by diversity — these are not only areas burnt to the ground, covered with sand, and Lut is an ideal exposition in this regard. The eastern part of the desert is covered with salt marshes, shining white under the sun’s rays, while the central one is decorated with bizarre parallel rocks-ridges and furrows that have arisen as a result of weathering. Finally, southeast: it is a huge area of ​​sandy seas and dunes.

Mount Etna, Italy

Etna , the largest active volcano in Europe, is a stunning colossus on the east coast of Sicily. For the period from 1500 BC. about 200 eruptions have been recorded to this day. Walk along the slopes of the volcano and you will notice the eerie-looking footprints that have left behind them over the millennia of incandescent lava flows: from recent fiery rivers that burned everything in their path, to rock formations left over from ancient eruptions, now overgrown with pine and birch forests. The best time to visit Etna is right during the eruption, when the volcano is throwing out lava, but don’t worry, you can enjoy the spectacle at a sufficient distance from the craters, from a safe shelter; and the view from there will be such that you will not forget. Eruptions, while regular, are unpredictable — so the more flexible your schedule, the better.

Geirangerfjord and Nerøyfjord, Norway

The fjords of Western Norway are considered perhaps the most unique places on the entire planet, and when you find yourself there, you start rubbing your eyes — the beauty is surreal: this cannot be.

The Geiranger and Nerøy fjords are located northeast of Bergen, 120 km from each other; both are among the longest and deepest fjords in the world. Imagine: a harsh landscape, half a kilometer high cliffs rise directly from the sea, waterfalls rush down from a stunning height, and the water reflects the shadows of blue and emerald colors.

Board a ship or ferry and travel through narrow corridors, and let this picturesque picture of water, rocks and greenery overshadow all your worries. Yes, such a landscape removes any disease as if by hand!

Yosemite National Park, USA

Ancient sequoias, granite monoliths, dense forests, secluded valleys, cascading waterfalls — welcome to the stunning Yosemite National Park . As if geological and biological diversity was not enough, Yosemite has been inhabited by humans for 10,000 years. In the national park, you can find traces of the habitation of an indigenous tribe that called itself Akhvakhnichi. In Yosemite Valley, you can visit a reconstructed village, which has steam rooms, barns for storing acorns, and ritual structures, and the house of the chief. If you want to hug a 2,000-year-old sequoia tree, climb the granite monolith of Half Dome or have a picnic on the lawn on El Capitan: wherever you are in Yosemite, everywhere is breathtaking.

Mistaken Point, Canada

Mistaken Point, a very recent UNESCO World Heritage Site, is on the southern tip of Newfoundland; this place is famous for its numerous perfectly preserved fossils. Since they were under a layer of volcanic ash, it became possible to estimate their age: it turned out that they are about 565 million years old, and thus they are the oldest and rarest of their kind.

The name — literally translated “wrong place, wrong place” — refers to a time when sailors, especially in fog, mistakenly took this place for the nearby Cape Reis. They veered north in hopes of sailing to Cape Race harbor — and instead stumbled upon rocks.

Since this place is now under the protection of UNESCO, you can get there only as part of an organized excursion — so be sure to make an appointment by phone before you go.

Halong Bay, Vietnam

Legend has it that a mighty mountain dragon glided into the sea and gouged out huge limestone columns and tiny islets that are so characteristic of Halong Bay. … There is nothing surprising in the fact that located in the Gulf of Tonkin, Halong Bay is one of the main tourist attractions in Vietnam — after all, 1600 islands and islets there form an absolutely mystical seascape that stuns even the most skeptical traveler. Due to the fact that the conditions here are harsh, most of these islets are completely uninhabited — no human has ever set foot there. The peak tourist season is from May to August, but if you come here between January and March, the fog spreading over the water will add another touch of eerie beauty to this already beautiful sight.

High Coast / Kvarken Archipelago, Sweden / Finland

The High Coast (Sweden) and the Kvarken Archipelago (Finland), although located on opposite shores of the Gulf of Bothnia, together form a single UNESCO World Heritage Site, thanks to the similar geological processes that shaped it. It is difficult to imagine that these places, which are now being actively developed by humans — agriculture, fishing, tourism flourish here — were once covered with endless masses of thick ice, which melted over several thousand years — and exposed the land. Nowhere in the world did the earth rise as here — at 283 meters above sea level — and, moreover, every year it rises a little more. Numerous hills, fields, lakes, caves and bays are evidence of this unique process.

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